Analysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I - 1679 Words

Poem Research Paper Langston Hughes’s poem I, Too published in 1926 speaks at great length about the American identity: to be an American is an issue that transcends race, and all Americans should be treated equally. Writing from the perspective of an initially subservient African American, Hughes presents a story that begins in oppression and ends in triumph. A throwback to the prior institution of slavery, the setting of I, Too is confined to a single slave owner s house; yet, it paints an image of struggle, growth and unity like none other of its time. It is no surprise that this poem is written by an African American, specifically Hughes, who was born on February 1, 1902. His father left the family for Mexico when he was young to†¦show more content†¦I, Too is one of many poems which expounds on the aspect of unfair treatment while also empowering African Americans. Through his innovative poetic style called jazz poetry, he played a major role in developing the Ha rlem Renaissance, which was a cultural â€Å"explosion† in Harlem, New York which defined African Americans on a sociological level (Cobby). I, Too is a free verse poem written from the perspective of a servant whose owners send to the kitchen whenever company arrives. The speaker’s yearning for equality comes true through continued perseverance: laughing off his mistreatment and continuing to eat and grow. The speaker hopes that the household will eventually acknowledge him and be ashamed of their actions. The first line of I, Too - â€Å"I, too, sing America† - is the speaker’s declaration that he is American. But who is he replying to - why does he â€Å"too† sing America? And why does he â€Å"sing America?† Why can’t it just say â€Å"I am American?† First of all, it’s important to establish that Hughes’s writing was inspired by Walt Whitman, whom many view as the father of American poetry (Ward). In Whitman’s poem I hear America Singing, the first line immediately shows a parallel of I, Too: â€Å"I hear America singing.† On the otherShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes America, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. This is what everyone was told, what the Declaration of Independence states. But, Langston Hughes a black American poet in the Harlem Renaissance period saw the truth. Being an African American in the United States during the early 1900’s was difficult. Many lived a life full of hardships; segregation, prejudice and economic hardships, viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem, I, Too1193 Words   |  5 Pagestheir rights. Through the study of literature and history, the reader will learn that in certain circumstances, people will realize that they will have to fight and defend their rights against those who tries to take it away. In the poem, I, Too, Langston Hughes shows that to be an American means that you should refuse to buckle under awful pressures. The speaker, an African American man, was denied the rights to sit down at the dinner table when company comes. However, the speaker â€Å"laugh and eatRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreAnalysis Of Mother To Son By Langston Hughes768 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Arts ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Grade:ï ¿ ½ Six    Standard:ï ¿ ½ #3:ï ¿ ½ Literary Response and Analysis    Key Concept:ï ¿ ½ Students respond to tone and meaning that are conveyed in poetry through word choice, figurative language, line length, punctuation, rhythm, alliteration, and rhyme.    Generalization:ï ¿ ½ Students respond to poetic language in Mother to Son by Langston Hughes.    Background:ï ¿ ½ Students have been working on a poetry unit and have been studying how the elements of poetryRead MoreLangston Hughes : A Modernist1222 Words   |  5 PagesSappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes’s poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes’s life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorceRead MorePoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes615 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes Dreams are the driving force of America today. Every person has some sort of dreams and or goals. Although in life everyone has dreams and goals, there are obviously more struggles for some ethnic groups than for others. The poem, Dream Deferred, by Langston Hughes, is one mans expression of his dreams during a difficult time period. As a black man in a time period where African-Americans were considered an inferior group of peopleRead MoreAnalysis and Interpretation of I, Too Sing America by Langston Hughes1148 Words   |  5 PagesPoem I, Too Sing America is considered to be very characteristic for radical poetry of Langston Hughes. The majority of literary critiques and historians refer to Hughes as one of the first American poets, who set the standards and examples how to challenge the post-World War I ethnic nationalism. His poetry contributed and shaped to some extent the politics of the Harlem Renaissance. In analysis of Black poetry Charles S. Johnson wrote that the new racial poetry of the Negro is the expressionRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Ideology And Reality Of Equality987 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Ideology and reality of equality in the works of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was an African American writer and poet. Langston Hughes wrote about what it was like living as a Negro, as a black man, as any person of color in America. He wanted to portray the dignity, soulfulness, and resilience of his people. In his writings, he tends to believe that people aren’t wholly good and they are not wholly evil or bad either. He writes with such a conviction and an almostRead MoreJames Langston Hughes And Countee Cullen934 Words   |  4 Pages James Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen were prominent poets. These poets were at the time of the Harlem Renaissance during the 20th century. Hughes and Cullen wrote for others to understand the stories of African-Americans living in the United State. These men had differences in their writing, but one mutual objective. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. Hughes began writing poetry when he lived in Lincoln, Illinois. The Weary Blues was his first book of poetry

Coke vs Pepsi Free Essays

string(25) " to buy at lower prices\." The soft drink industry is very competitive for all companies involved. Recently the competition between established firms has only increased with the market nearing its saturation point. All companies in the industry, especially those thinking about entering, have to think about: rivalry among establish firms, risk of entry by potential competitors, substitute products, suppliers, and buyers. We will write a custom essay sample on Coke vs Pepsi or any similar topic only for you Order Now When talking about market share, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola have the lions share. They have dominated the industry over the past 40 years with Coca-Cola leading in the category in 2004.With little resistance from Cadbury Schweppes, the distant third largest company in the industry, the two companies’ main focus was to increase market demand by outdoing each other in promotions, advertisements, and corporate acquisitions. Rivalry and power struggle have defined the existence of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, looking for a competitive advantage to gain an edge on the competition. This rivalry has been to the benefit to the companies, the industry, and its consumers as a whole. Both have learned to not only stay afloat, but flourish in an industry that has constantly grown since Coca-Cola began advertising in 1891.They did this by increasing the demand in their products, and gaining brand loyalty by their consumers. In some instances, they were selling cases of Dasani (Coca-Cola) and Aquafina (PepsiCo) for less than the cost of bottling it. The risk of entry by potential competitors isn’t a strong competitive pressure in the industry. PepsiCo and Coca-Cola dominate the industry with their brand name and distribution channels, which makes it difficult for new entrants to compete with these existing firms. High fixed costs of production facilities, logistics, and economies of scale also deter entry.It’s difficult for a new firm with a small production capacity, and a high cost structure to compete when, as soon as their product is introduced to the market, the two leading firms drop prices below your cost structure. Pepsi and Coke’s economies of scale allows them to do this since it costs so much less for them to produce their products than it would a new company. Substitute products come from competitors outside of the soft drink industry. These include: coffee, sports drinks, bottled water, tea, and juices. This is an increasingly growing force since consumers are becoming more health conscious in society.Most people are thinking about what carbonated soft drinks do to their bodies and replace them with sports drinks which appear to be healthier. These drinks also allow for a larger variety of flavors the appeal to different consumers. Coffee and tea may also be substitutes for the consumer who drinks soda for the caffeine they contain. Consumers can switch to coffee to decrease the amount of sugar and carbonation. These also come in a larger variety of flavors provided companies, such as Starbucks, that have become extremely popular over the past 20 years.These substitutes are a large and powerful force in the industry, especially since the switching costs (the cost to switch from one product to the next) are essentially zero. In the beginning of 1990 Roberto Goizueta developed the following mission statement: â€Å"To create consumer products, services and communications, customer service and bottling system strategies, processes and tools in order to create competitive advantage and deliver superior value to: * Consumers as a superior beverage experience Consumers as an opportunity to grow profits through the use of finished drinks * Bottlers as an opportunity to grow profits in volumes * Bottlers as a trademark enhancement and positive economic value added * Suppliers as an opportunity to make reasonable profi ts when creating real value-added in an environment of system-wide team work, flexible business system and continuous improvement * Indian society in the form of a contribution to economic and social development. * Refresh the World†¦ In body, mind, and spirit * Inspire Moments of Optimism†¦Through our brands and our actions * Create Value and Make a Difference†¦ Everywhere we engage. † (coca-colacompany. com, 2010) â€Å"The companies values statements have guided their employees and include 7 separate ideals: (1) leadership: â€Å"The courage to shape a better future† (2) passion: â€Å"Committed in heart and mind† (3) integrity: â€Å"Be real† (4) accountability: â€Å"If it is to be, it’s up to me† (5) collaboration: â€Å"Leverage collective genius† (6) innovation: â€Å"seek, imagine, create, delight† (7) quality: â€Å"What we do, we do well† (Coca-cola. com). The company as been built upon ethically sound principles which are timeless in nature and has guided them to the top of the beverage market. †( thecoca-colacompany. com, 2010) The goals Coca-Cola in the early 1990 were: increasing our numbers of consumers who enjoy the Coca-Cola products and brands and expand the global business. To be reaching these goals the company would effectively use their financial resources: capital, brands , and customers. These resources are already in existence, one may think that we need only to draw on them to reach these goals, but this is completely wrong.Supplies to the industry don’t hold much competitive pressure. Bottling and packaging of the product don’t hold much of a bargaining position in the industry. Coca-Cola’s CEO Roberto Goizueta looked to consolidate a large number of bottlers in 1986, creating an independent bottling subsidiary called Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE), went public and sold 51% of its shares while retaining the remaining which enables Coke to have separate financial statements from CCE. This vertical integration essentially made Coke its own bottler, which almost cut out suppliers entirely.Pepsi Co soon followed suit in the late 1980s with the Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and went public in 1999, retaining 35% of its shares. By 2004 Coca-Cola had CCE bottling 80% of its North American bottle and can volume, while PepsiCo had PBG bottling 57% of their beverages in the region. These consolidations took away much of suppliers’ bargaining power. (pepsico. com, 2010) The buyers of soft drinks range from Supermarkets, to mass retailers and supercenters, to gas stations. Soft drinks are sold to these stores which are, in turn, resold to consumers.The power that buyers have in the industry is very strong. Larger stores like Wal-Mart purchase soft drink in large volumes allowing them to buy at lower prices. You read "Coke vs Pepsi" in category "Papers" Gas stations have lower bargaining power since they buy smaller quantities. Although soft drink demand is beginning to plateau which could cause a shift in bargaining power to the buyer because of decreasing demands in both Pepsi and Coke. Porter’s 5-Forces model completely encompasses all factors of the soft drink industry. It has shown that industry has been very profitable in earlier years, especially to Pepsi and Coke.Demand for soft drinks is beginning to level off because of a new health conscious trend by the consumer will inevitably affect profits. The industry has also been defined by intense rivalry by the two largest firms which leave little room for new entrants. The soft drink industry has reached its peak in society and will soon begin to decline soon because of the consumers decrease in demand for the product and increased demand in other healthier products. For both companies to stay profitable, they will have to curtail their products to the new health conscious trend of the consumer. The value created by the soft drink industry is distributed and apparent across the industry in a variety of ways. Pepsi and Coke at first only produced their cola products, two companies each with one product line. The success of both companies led them to diversify their production capabilities and produce different flavors of soda; Fanta, Sprite, and Tab (1960-63) from Coke, and Teem, Mountain Dew, and Diet Pepsi (1960-64) from Pepsi. These expanded product lines proved to be highly profitable and were continued and expanded on in the years to come.By the late 1980s Coke and Pepsi each offered more than 10 major brands of soda in 17 or more sizes. This product proliferation increased profitability, rivalry, and barriers to entry. Soon drinks sports drinks such as Gatorade and PowerAde, juices and juice drinks, energy drinks, tea based drinks, and bottled water will break into the industry. These new product lines all had substitute products from the other company to battle with. Pepsi and Coke had a vast understanding on game theory and demonstrated it with their sequential and simultaneous move games.This led to an enormous selection for the consumer, whose only problem was choosing a flavor. Both Pepsi and Coke both have secret recipes to their flagship cola. Coke was the first to be imitated in its early years. The company constantly fought trademark infringements in court. There were as many as 153 barred imitation of Coca-Cola in 1916 alone. When Pepsi proved to be a viable competitor to Coke, the company filed a suit against Pepsi claiming it was an infringement on the Coca-Cola Trademark. From that point on the two companies engaged in competitive marketing campaigns to gain market share.In 1950, Coke controlled 47% of the US market, while Pepsi’s was only 10%. Coke and Pepsi are two gigantic companies that have flourished throughout their existence. They can be described as the definition of rivalry and competition in the modern business world. They are exact substitutes of each other and have battled to control the carbonated soft drink industry for over a century. From the 1950s-present, the carbonated soft drink industry has steadily increased in terms of consumption by person in the US. Both companies have spent billions in marketing, research, acquisitions, and promotions to meticulously exchange percentage points in the $66 billion a year industry that they have created. Unfortunately times are changing, and the superiority that the carbonated soft drink industry once held among beverages is slowly fading. Schools are banning sodas from being sold in them, claiming they are unhealthy for children. People in today’s society are more health conscious than they were in prior years. This is why you see a health clubs left and right, and â€Å"0g Trans Fat† labeled on snack foods.A majority of the US population is very health conscious, which leaves little room for the sugary carbonated soft drinks that used to dominated beverage consumption. The stability of the Soft drink Industry as a whole is in jeopardy. Coke and Pepsi will have to find alternatives to increase market share, or break into new markets, if they want sales to keep increasing like they have in the past. Non-carbonated beverages, such as juices, sports drinks, and energy drinks, are beginning to grow more rapidly than when they first were introduced, while carbonated beverages are leveling off.This health conscious shift will lead Coca-Cola and Pepsi executives to focus in these once thought auxiliary components of their business to pick up the slack that the carbonated industry is leaving behind. Coke and Pepsi will not be able to repeat their success with carbonated beverages in the water segment. Water can’t differ like soft drinks can. There are simply too many similar substitutes for customers to turn to, and the brand loyalty diminishes. A mere 10% of consumers say they choose a brand of water because â€Å"it’s my favorite brand† when compared to the 37% of carbonated beverage consumers. To compete in this new market, Coke and Pepsi will need a new competitive dynamic to stay profitable, one that won’t end in price wars. Fortunately for the market it is much cheaper to bottle and sell water than it is carbonated soft drinks, so competitive advantage will need to inevitably be realized in other parts of the business. Environmental factors A growing trend in the world today as we move into the future is in regards to the environmental factors that businesses have on the planet.Coca-Cola is no exception in that they have developed awareness programs and have taken action in regards to reducing waste and energy. As such a large corporation Coca-Cola is aware the effect that little things such as water conservation has on the global environment. Water is vital to Coca-cola’s business and the company has donated their time and resources in streamlining operations to utilize their water waste. The company also has developed partnerships with companies such as the World Wildlife Fund, the CEO Water Mandate, and the United Nations Global Compact which helps to preserve freshwater. Goodman, 2007)   Several years ago a ban has been placed on Coca-Cola from doing animal experimentation. The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) had discovered that the company’s labs had used animals for taste testing and health claims. Coca-Cola also was providing scholarships and grants to colleges which were conducting tests and research on rats with their products. Because of the pressures of PETA and the negative publicity that has arisen, both Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Co have agreed to ban any future testing of their products on animals.Coca-Cola has also discontinued their grant programs (Goodman, 2007). Macroeconomic outlook The financial outlook for Coca-Cola is a promising one apart from the turmoil of the United States financial markets. The company’s stocks stand at 7 out of 10 rating because of Coca-Cola’s high ranking in the soda industry. They have a steady growth rate. Economists are expecting the beverage industry to climb to $650 billing on revenue by 2010. (Goodman, 2007) Therefore, Coca-Cola Company believes that their company will experience steady growth for five to ten years to come.In order to achieve sustained growth the company believes they must address five key opportunities where they believe will have the most growth impact. First off the company believes that they will need to sustain growth in â€Å"sparkling beverages†. Sparkling beverages are the carbonated drinks such as their Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Sprite, Fanta, etc. The sparkling beverages have been Coca-Cola’s largest selling products since the company’s inception. Recently, however the company has experienced a decline in sales and growth across the US in the sparkling beverage market.Coca-Cola Company is concerned on what the effects of the current social health trends will have on their company. Besides the current slide in the US market overall the company increase the sales of these beverages by 5% in the second quarter of 2008 due to the emerging markets such as China, Russia, Europe, and South Africa where volume sales grew at double digits rates (coca-cola. com, 2010). Coca-Cola Company believes that the company will continue to experience growth in the foreign markets despite the poorer performance in America.Secondly, a great opportunity for Coca-Cola Company is to expand into many of the emerging markets such as the sports drinks, coffees, teas, juices which many of these drinks because of their natures are high margin products. Coca-Cola Company believes the largest opportunity of growth in the company is in the area of the still b rands. These items include the coffees, teas, waters, energy, and juice products. In the recent quarterly statement the volume of sales in these areas increased 13% which is an indicator of the company’s current buying trend (coca-cola. com, 2010).Third, the company plans on renewing their strength in their flagship market, North America, through advertising and marketing their products to the ever growing middle class consumers. Fourth, the company will continue to develop streamlining of their inventory’s to be more profitable and develop machinery and innovations to speed up processing and improve processes. Recent information the company has disclosed is that Coca-Cola Company forecasts an annual savings of between $400 to $500 million dollars due to productivity initiatives the company has begun to implement relating to the streamlining of processes and redesigning key processes.Other areas included in these initiatives include aggressively managing the company’s operating expenses. This cost savings will allow the company to be able to invest in growth of the company (coca-cola. com, 2010). And lastly the company wants to focus on building deeper customer relationships with their clients, franchise owners, bottlers, and employees to ensure lasting growth. The company’s five vision reminders of people, planet, portfolio, partners, and profit are in line with the company’s five largest opportunities listed above.As the company strives to build deeper relationships with their clients and customers they relate to how Coca-Cola wants their customers to feel and to be inspired. Their relationships with their partnerships and franchisers and influenced by a strong focus on people. The company is mindful of maximizing profit and recognizing their responsibility and relationship to the shareholders. As the company continues to strive to engineer and pose new products on the market and focus on their current opportunities in foreign markets Coca-Cola Company strives to build a stronger portfolio.And the company’s environmental awareness through streamlining processes and minimizing resources help to build a better planet. Long Range Objectives Coca-Cola Company’s opportunities have opened up a path to a set of long range objectives the company should strive to achieve that can be measured. First off, the company measures sales growth in unit case volumes (coca-cola. com, 2008). With the potential growth of sparkling beverages in the international market Coca-Cola Company’s wants to achieve an increase of 3% growth in unit case volume globally in the next five years which would be a total growth of 15%.Secondly, in still products the company is growing 13% per year; however Coca-Cola Company wants to see this at 15% per year unit case volume increase in still products each year for a total growth of 75% by 2012. Next the company has forecasted a reduction in costs by $400 to $500 million per year by 2011. Coca-Cola Company is recognizing the potential impact of this savings and believes that the projection is probable. Coca-Cola Company wants to move forward with the implementation of these initiatives and take advantage of these new technologies and process improvements.And lastly, the company feels that in order to stay competitive in this market they need to be constantly bringing new technologies and products to market. Coca-Cola believes that the current trends in the marketplace are moving in the direction of the healthier line of products. Therefore, Coca-Cola Company proposes that they company will introduce a new line of drinks that are zero to low calorie, that have healthy effects on the body and are able to provide energy without the use of caffeine and other controversial ingredients and brought to market by the year 2012.Coke-Cola should strengthen the brand image for examples ; dispose of a global brand architecture, and Coca-Cola should keep the local markets to help develop their own brand strategies and adapt more quickly and efficiently to the ever changing customer demands. According to a recent surveys customers’ will buy is based on products, which are, familiar to however, keep offering different tastes like Cherry or other flavor. The key however, is the original brand and taste that the customers are familiar with. Consumers also purchase with the similar look f the product. The soft drink industries are continuing to change the look of the can and bottles. This keeps the consumers buying the product. The industry changes the look of the cans with the seasons, sporting events, ect. Middle managers will need to concentrate on the points of weakness, competitors, and what the consumers needs and want. They need to focus on the organization’s marketing strategies and the improvements to the product. Middle managers at Coke-Cola need eliminate the much of the downsizing and re-engineering in the global market. How to cite Coke vs Pepsi, Papers

The Short Happy Life Of Francis Mccamber free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper In Ernest Hemingway? s? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? the true character which is fit to measure up as the codification hero is Francis Macomber. It is non obvious at foremost sing that in the narrative Francis is portrayed as a cowardly fearful adult male, as opposed to the manfully and weather Wilson, who seems the perfect character to be the codification hero. With the king of beasts runing incident at the gap of the narrative, Francis cowards off from the king of beasts? s boom entirely, running to safety in forepart of his married woman, which defies the codification by non holding acceptable behaviour in confronting decease, while Wilson goes in to confront the king of beasts and putting to deaths him courageously. Yet where the subject of the narrative is concerned, Francis faces a bigger challenge than Wilson can of all time conceive of. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Happy Life Of Francis Mccamber or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Francis is a fearful adult male, non physically, but chiefly mentally. He lacks ego regard and belief in his ain ego, which leads to people stepping all over him, like his married woman does. His married woman openly cheats on Francis, merely because she is positive that he is excessively much afraid if she left him, he can? t be wanted by another adult female. Francis? behaviour towards her is the root of her observation, he is convinced that he is less than what he is and she underestimates him merely the same. Wilson is a tough adult male, who courageously earns a life by runing wild campaign animate beings for rich work forces who come for avocation and to affect their married womans. He is non confronting an inner convulsion like Francis, merely physical 1s that he knows he can manage. He has much regard, he is positive that he can get the better of any challenge that his occupation brings. For his ain avocation, he pleasures the married womans of the rich work forces he works for. In the narrative? s flood tide, Francis proves to be the character Hemingway uses to carry through his codification hero. Francis seems non to suit the codification in the beginning of the narrative, for the Hemingway codification hero must: avoid decease at all costs, which Fra ncis does in a cowardly manner that defies the 2nd regulation ; when in face of decease the hero must hold acceptable behaviour. At the close terminal of the narrative, Francis fulfills the codification by believing up in a quick minute, merely like the codification, is a adult male of action, he doesn? t think before he goes into the shrub, he merely lives for the minute with exhilaration. Francis, as the true Hemingway codification hero, goes all his life being a certain manner, a cowardly adult male who is afraid of everything deep inside that intimidates him, he has a life changing experience when his married woman darnels on him with the adult male who intimidates him the most at the minute, Wilson, he decides to be brave and changes his fearful ways, merely goes about his manner by confronting the American bisons every bit courageously as can be. At that minute the individual who uses him for his discontent in himself, Margot, realizes that he has changed and he will now hold the cats to go forth her. The adult female who before threatened Francis infinitely when he stood up for himself now is in fright that the cards are turned. Unfortunately for Francis he dies of courage when his married woman erroneously shoots him in the dorsum of the caput, losing the bull bear downing on to him, seeking urgently to salvage Francis? life. A major difference is this in Hemingway? s two model codification heroes, Francis Macomber and Frederic Henry of? A Farewell to Arms? , Frederic really lives on to alter his ways of thought and his values. Francis is a misfortuned adult male who eventually is saved and dies from cowardliness by his courage sprouted from choler and green-eyed monster and bullying all rolled into one. The short narrative carried a great moral, how people who are non content with themselves get stepped all over by others. It teaches you that you are what you think you are, its your pick to take to be content or non content, the gimmick is that your determination might merely alter your result as it did in Francis? .

Vertical Integration in Starbucks Essay Example

Vertical Integration in Starbucks Essay Example Vertical Integration in Starbucks Paper Vertical Integration in Starbucks Paper Starbucks Vertical Integration Ques 1. Starbuck’s value chain is farmers, roasting, distribution, and retail. Raw Materials (Coffee Beans): Coffee bean farming is not vertically integrated into Starbucks; the company purchases coffee beans from farmers. Starbucks choose to outsource farming due to the low potential hold-up problem. For its coffee, Starbucks uses only high-quality Arabica beans, instead of regular commodity and lower quality robusta beans. Since there are a lot of market participants trading Arabica beans (i. e. farmers Arabica beans buyers), there is an established market price. Moreover, farm land has a low degree of asset specificity, and therefore farmers’ investments do not depend only on Starbucks as their buyer. Both of these allow both parties to contract without high transaction/bargaining cost. Furthermore, Starbucks is able to outsource farming because the company is able to reduce the moral hazard problem. Since Starbucks is able to contract with the farmers and is willing to pay more for premium beans , the company can create high powered incentives within the contract to ensure that it will receive high quality beans from the farmers. Roasting: Roasting is vertically integrated into Starbucks, such that the company roasts the beans itself . Due to a potential hold-up and moral hazard problem that leads to high transaction cost, it is inefficient for Starbucks to outsource bean roasting. Since Starbucks values the quality of their product at the highest priority and â€Å"considers the roasting of its coffee beans to be an art form† , they have strict and high standards for their quality checks. More specifically, they use a blood-cell analyzer to test color of the beans. This requires a high degree of asset specificity such that other companies do not require this equipment to check the quality of their roasted beans and leads to a potential hold-up problem. Moreover, as evidenced by the fact that the Senior Vice President, on a daily basis, checks the quality of coffee samples, Starbucks prefers tight control over quality inspection. Since company’s quality standard is so controlled and strict, it would be very costly to negotiate a contract that would be enough to provide type of maintenance Starbucks requires and prevent a moral hazard problem. Distribution Warehouses: Starbucks is not vertically integrated in distribution and warehouses. It outsources to distribution and warehouses specialists , because there is low risk of a hold problem and low transaction cost for contracting. Market price for distribution and warehousing is established because there are many distributers and many buyers who need their service. Additionally, warehouses and transportation used for distribution (i. e. trucks) are not specifically tied to coffee beans and have really low degree of asset specificity. Retail: Retail is vertically integrated into Starbucks. Instead of franchising, it has company-owned stores. Starbuck choose to vertically integrate due to its main strategy of selling a unique â€Å"Starbucks experience. † More specifically, Starbucks stores aim to create a â€Å"consistent, inviting, stimulating environment that evoked the romance of coffee, that signaled the company’s passion for coffee, and that rewarded customers with ceremony, stories, and surprise. For this strategy to be successful, the company needs to â€Å"replicate precisely† this experience in all of its stores. But the amount of control required to maintain this much consistency is too costly to negotiate in order to create a contract, and therefore inefficient to outsource. Ques 2. Roasting: The integration of roasting is a source of competitive advantage because this capability is both valuable and rare. Starbucks’ full control of the roasting process allows the company to ensure that the beans are roasted at a high quality. Consequently, Starbucks is able to offer a product that satisfies the demand for premium coffee. Moreover, the resulting difference in quality between Starbucks’ coffee and their competitors’ allows Starbucks to differentiate itself and gain market share. Retail: The integration of retail is also a source of competitive advantage because this capability is also valuable and rare. Through Starbucks full control and consistent management of the distinctive Starbucks experience, the company is able to create a strong brand equity. Establishing a strong brand equity allows the company maintain market presence. Additionally, considering that there are many coffee producers competing against Starbucks, having a strong brand equity allows the company to differentiate themselves. Ques. 3 Roasting: The integration of roasting is only a temporary competitive advantage for the Starbucks because this capability is imitable. Although Starbucks has its own method of roasting and a high quality inspection process, there is no evidence that the process is a protected secret. Hence, competitors are able to copy the process as long as they have the financial resource, equipment, trained employees. However, if the roasting and inspection process is indeed a protected secret, then integration of roasting is a sustainable competitive advantage. As a protected secret, competitors will not be able to imitate it. Furthermore, this capability is firm specific to Starbucks considering that the company has been roasting their own coffee beans since the beginning. Retail: The integration of roasting is a sustained competitive advantage for the Starbucks. Through full control of retail and consistent management of the distinct â€Å"Starbucks experience† over time, Starbucks has created a strong brand equity that can be sustained. The Starbucks brand is now synonymous with premium coffee. However, if Starbucks fails to maintain consistency in the management of its retail and â€Å"Starbucks experience,† opportunities will become available for competitors to produce similar retail experiences to Starbucks and steal market share. Bibliography 1. ) Starbucks Coffee Company, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, p. -9, http://mba. tuck. dartmouth. edu/pdf/2002-1-0023. pdf 2. ) Starbucks Corporation, the McGraw-Hill Companies, mhhe. com/business/management/thompson/11e/case/starbucks-2. html 3. ) Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market, UW Business School, p. 3, http://bschool. washington. edu/gbc/documents/starbucks_final. pdf 4. )Starbucks Coffee Company, p. 15. 5. )Starbucks Corporation, mhhe. com/business/ma nagement/thompson/11e/case/starbucks-2. html 6. ) Ibid.

Using the Spanish Preposition Por

Using the Spanish Preposition Por Por is one of the most useful and common prepositions in Spanish, but it can also be one of the most confusing to English speakers. That is because it is sometimes translated as for, as is the preposition para, and they are very seldom interchangeable. As a beginner, it is probably best to learn the two prepositions separately and to think of por as a preposition that usually indicates cause or motive, rather than simply as a translation for for. (It also often means by, but it isnt the only Spanish preposition translated that way.) So in the examples of por usage that are given below, a translation (sometimes awkward) using a word or phrase other than for is given, in addition to a translation using for (where appropriate). By learning how por is used rather than how it is usually translated, you will find it easier to learn in the long run. Por To Indicate Cause or Reason In these usages, por can often be translated as because of.  ¿Por quà ©? (Why? Because of what? For what?)Trabajo aquà ­ por el dinero. (I work here because of the money. I work here for the money.)No podemos salir por la lluvia. (We cannot leave because of the rain. We cannot leave due to the rain.)Conseguà ­ el empleo por mi padre. (I got the job because of my father. I got the job through my father.)La asistencia en desempleo por causa de desastre es un programa financiado por el gobierno federal. (Disaster unemployment insurance is a program financed by the federal government. Unemployment insurance for disasters is a program financed by the federal government.) Por as an Indication of Support Por is often used this in discussion of political races and issues. Voto por Julia Gonzles. (I am voting for Julia Gonzales. I am voting in support of Julia Gonzales.)Es socio de Mà ©dicos Por Justicia. (He is a member of Doctors for Justice. He is a member of Doctors Supporting Justice.)Mi padre est por no violencia. (My father is for nonviolence. My father is a supporter of nonviolence.)Es el representante por el estado de Nueva York. (Hes the representative for the state of New York. Hes the representative on behalf of the state of New York.) Por To Indicate an Exchange One common use of this type is telling how much something cost. Comprà © el coche por $10.000 dà ³lares.(I bought the car for $10,000. I bought the car in exchange for $10,000.)Gracias por la comida. (Thanks for the meal.)Quisiera cambiar la camisa por una nueva. (Id like to exchange the shirt for a new one.)Hago cualquiera cosa por una sonrisa. (I do anything for a smile.) Por To Indicate Placement In such uses, por doesnt indicate a destination, but rather proximity or location. It is often translated as by or through. Pasaremos por San Francisco. (We will pass through San Francisco.)La escuela no est por aquà ­. (The school isnt near here.)Caminar por la montaà ±a es una actividad de alto desgaste. Hiking through the mountains is a high-fatigue activity.) Por Meaning Per Por is a cognate of the English per In informal contexts, a English translation of for is common. El tres por ciento tiene dos coches. (Three percent have two cars.)Comprà © dos regalos por persona. (I bought two gifts per person. I bought two gifts for each person.)Trabajo 40 horas por semana. (I work 40 hours per week. I work 40 hours a week.) Por Meaning By Por is usually translated as by when it points to someone performing an action. Common uses are indicating the author of a book or other work, or indicating the performer of a passive verb. Fue escrito por William Shakespeare. (It was written by William Shakespeare.)Los tacos fueron comidos por los estudiantes. (The tacos were eaten by the students.)Prefiero el libro por Isaac Asimov. (I prefer the book by Isaac Asimov.)Puedo leer por mà ­ mismo. (I can read all by myself.) Por in Set Phrases Many fixed phrases using por are commonly used as adverbs. The meaning of such phrases isnt always obvious by translating the words individually. por causa de (because of)por cierto (by the way)por el contrario (on the contrary)por lo general (generally)por supuesto (of course)por otra parte (on the other hand)por fin (finally)por lo menos (at least)

Realist Theories of IR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Realist Theories of IR - Essay Example The strong point of this view is the accommodation of the element of conflict that exists even within an individual. Human nature is constantly waging war against itself with the desires of a person mostly conflicting with outside influences such as learning. A political realist is holistic in thought because of the acknowledgement of the existence and relevance of standards other than the political ones. The political realist refutes the â€Å"legalistic moralistic approach† to international politics and cannot subordinate standards of other schools of thought to those of politics. The realists vehemently defend the autonomy of the political sphere against its subversion by other modes of thought without disregarding their existence and importance (Morgenthau 14). Kenneth Waltz also had a realist perspective to international relations which he called neorealism or structural or defensive realism. This theorist used the turmoil inherent in international relations to restrict the global â€Å"net† to its classical international component (Waltz 29). From the neorealist approach examination of the structures of international systems is the best way to understand international politics. The structures of the international system are reflected alliances and other cooperative arrangements between nations (Mearsheimer 32). The polarity of the system becomes the key factor in international relations; and depending on the number of dominant superpowers, a system might be unipolar bipolar or multipolar. John Measheimer took a different view which he referred to as â€Å"offensive realism†. Measheimer’s perspective follows on the principles of Kenneth Waltz’s theory to utilize the â€Å"structure† of the international system to derive the behavior of states (Mearsheimer 25). The theoretical foundation of Measheimer outlines that: the international system in anarchic, all

Are GM crops the state of the art of intensive agriculture or a step Essay

Are GM crops the state of the art of intensive agriculture or a step too far Discuss with reference to the conservation of nature - Essay Example ild species of plants such as corn or blueberries, then you will notice that their fruit is much smaller than that of varieties sold in the local grocery store (p.9). The reason for this difference in size he explains is that for centuries, farmers have sought to improve the size –and other characteristics- of the crops they grow. This allows them to produce a greater volume of food per acre of land, and it produced more food to feed people. GM foods have been around for much longer than most people know, in fact in the U.S, and 30% of Americans have been eating food made from GM crops since the year 1998 when the first Flar-Savr Tomato was introduced into the U.S supermarkets. Still, even with hundreds of millions of people around the world eating GM foods for more than a decade, controversy over the use of this technology remains very high all over the world (Diehl Paul 2014:1). This controversy is mostly fired up by the fact that GM foods were released into the market without the public knowledge. The Real Truth Magazine (2014), states that several reasons as to why the GM food issue has remained a huge topic for discussion and controversy around the world (p. 1-2). Biotech corporations market their products by selling the idea that they are ideal solutions to nutrition, world hunger and the environment yet all these foods have managed to do to attract speculations and fear about their possible side effects to the hu man race. To further explain this, The Real Truth Magazine lists these areas of controversy; Producers of GM crops claim that their genetically altered crops are more nutritious than natural crops. The promoters of ‘Golden Rice’ said that this rice was more superior to natural rich in vitamin A among other nutrients. After several tests, this rice was discovered to be inferior to natural rice. This lie was uncovered by Ticciati and Ticciati (1998), the authors of â€Å"Genetically Engineered Foods: Are They Safe? You Decide." They present